This assessment allowed us to evaluate the methodological rigor of each study and determine its overall quality and potential impact on the literature review. Finally, we analyzed and presented the synthesized literature, along with relevant findings and conclusions from the included studies, in a coherent manner. We identified main themes and sub-themes to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding ACM. By following this methodology, we aim to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on ACM, providing a reliable and up-to-date understanding of its pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and potential preventive strategies.

Signs and symptoms

Furthermore, for this review, certainty assessment was alcoholic cardiomyopathy conducted by assessing the risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, and indirectness of the presented evidence. Through a thematic synthesis, we identified common trends, knowledge gaps, and emerging research areas related to ACM. To assess the quality and validity of the included studies, we performed a critical appraisal using appropriate tools such as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies or the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for clinical trials.

Health Conditions

This ethanol misuse at high consumption rates causes a variety of health problems, ethanol being the sixth most relevant factor of global burden of disease and responsible for 5.3% of all deaths 5. Despite this clear epidemiological evidence of ethanol’s unsafe consumption and increased health risk, results of consumption policies are not effective enough. Therefore, the need to establish a more effective control on ethanol consumption has been repeatedly claimed 2. In patients exhibiting chronic alcohol use, other causes of dilated cardiomyopathy need workup. Investigative work up such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), elevated transaminases (AST, ALT) and elevated INR usually are seen in liver injury can be helpful as supportive evidence of alcohol use.1415.

Procedure Details

One is the physical characteristics of ethanol itself, with a low molecular size, high distribution capacity, and high tissue reactivity. In addition, there is a relevant role on each organ, particularly on defense and adaptive mechanisms, with a clear induction of anti-oxidant, metabolic, and anti-inflammatory protective responses as a result of ethanol aggression 18,25,26. This multi-factorial effect is attributed to genetic factors 27 and ethnic 28 variability.

Incidence drug addiction of alcoholic cardiomyopathy ranges from 1-2% of all heavy alcohol users. It is estimated, approximately 21-36% of all non-ischemic cardiomyopathies are attributed to alcohol. The prevalance of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in addiction units is estimated around %. Overall data with regards to alcohol induced cardiomyopathy is insuffienct and does not illustrate significant available data. Her baseline laboratory evaluation showed pancytopenia, abnormal liver function tests (Table 1) and elevated cardiac enzyme levels (Table 2). The initial chest x-ray revealed a normal cardiothoracic ratio and no evidence of heart failure.

• The postulated mechanism includes mitochondria damage, oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, modification of actin and myosin structure, and alteration of calcium homeostasis.
• At the end of the first year, no differences were found among the non-drinkers, who improved by 13.1%, and among those who reduced consumption to g/d (with an average improvement of 12.2%).
• Around 40–80% of people with ACM who continue drinking alcohol die within 10 years of their diagnosis.
• In fact, mitochondrial structural changes have been described in chronic alcohol consumers, with swollen megamitochondria and the distortion of inner cristae 107,108.
• Through a thematic synthesis, we identified common trends, knowledge gaps, and emerging research areas related to ACM.

• Getting formal treatment for osteoporosis can reverse its effects to some extent; however, individuals with severe osteoporosis will most likely have issues with walking, be prone to bone fractures, and have issues with pain.
• Also, current common cardiac therapies such as ICD and CRT devices were not used because of the period when the study was conducted.
• Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a disease in which the long-term consumption of alcohol leads to heart failure.1 ACM is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy.
• Since myocardium requires a high energy supply to maintain persistent sarcomere contractions, it was supposed that alcohol could exert its damaging effect on the mitochondrial energy supply system, with the disruption of oxidative control mechanisms 26,100.

Various studies have shown that alcohol exerts a negative inotropic effect on the myocardium. It is possible that changes in calcium hemostasis may contribute toward this phenomenon, because this divalent cation plays an integral part in transmembrane https://ecosoberhouse.com/article/how-to-write-a-goodbye-letter-to-addiction/ ion movement and muscle contraction (9). Some have also suggested that lipid peroxidation may play a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (10). In conditions of acute alcohol toxicity, ethanol has been shown to increase circulating catecholamine, which may play a role in myocardial damage. Due to its significant toxicity, studies have avoided its direct instillation, as it produces indiscriminate cell damage even at low doses.

Treatment of ACM

Cirrhosis of the liver occurs when there is so much scar tissue that the liver can no longer properly perform its functions. Individuals who suffer from cirrhosis of the liver have a potentially fatal condition. The liver is the major organ in the body that is responsible for eliminating waste products and other toxic substances from the system. When an individual drinks excessive amounts of alcohol, the person’s liver begins to metabolize the alcohol in order to rid the toxin from the body. Alcohol is metabolized before other substances, and the liver needs to work excessively hard to perform its functions when a person drinks large amounts of alcohol. Alcohol septal ablation is an effective treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.